Summary:Cage Aquacultures Environmental Effects :: essays research papers fc

Cage aquaculture in the ocean ouputs large amounts of gas into the surrounding environment. The effluent from the cages has elevated levels of nutrients, waste feed, feces and by-products such as medications for the fish. The effluent has a negative impress on the local environment. The degree of impact depends on the water movement or so the cages, the assimilation capacity of the environment around the cages and the rate at which the effluent is produced. The effects of effluent on the environment is considered inconsequential to the inputs from industry and agriculture however. That be said, the ocean floor around the cages tend to be hypereutrophic and completely anoxic up to the surface. They release sulfides and other toxins into the water as a result of decrease in the anoxic conditions of the excess organics in the sediment. The long term effects of these conditions are not known. There are no standards by which to compare internationally the effects of the cages and it is hard to determine the effects, if any, on areas away from the immediate area surrounding the cages. There needs to be work done on how to land feed waste, and how to quantify the effects of the cages on the surrounding environment. To complete this project, more information is needed on operations other than cage salmon in Norway. BibliographyRecord 1ASFA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries AbstractsOrganic enrichment of sediments from salmon farming in Norwayenvironmental factors, management practices, and monitoringtechniquesCarroll, ML* Cochrane, S Fieler, R Velvin, R White, PAquaculture Aquaculture. Vol. 226, no. 1-4, pp. 165-180. 31 Oct2003.Record 2ASFA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries AbstractsThe environmental impacts of marine fish cage farms in the easternAdriatic.Katavic, IRibarstvo Ribarstvo. Vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 175-194. 2003.Record 3ASFA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries AbstractsThe degradation of fish-cage waste in sediments during fallowingMcGhie, TK* Crawford, CM Mitchell , IM OBrien, DAquaculture Aquaculture. Vol. 187, no. 3-4, pp. 351-366. 20 Jul2000.Record 4ASFA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries AbstractsThe environmental impact of an offshore aquaculture placement in the Gulfof Gaeta a first approach.Ceccarelli, R Saluzzi, A Fiore, V Salerno, A Barbera, GBiologia marina mediterranea. Genova Biol. Mar. Mediterr.. Vol. 6,no. 1, pp. 294-297. 1999.Record 5ASFA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries AbstractsOn the impact of a sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) cage farm onwater quality and macrobenthic communities