Report on Monster Beverages-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Report on Monster Beverages. Answer: About the Organization Monster Beverages is a California Based holding company which conducts their marketing and distribution operation through its various subsidiaries (Monster Beverage, 2017). Their main business segment includes Monster Beverages energy drinks. Their business has been classified into three segments: Finished products, concentrated and others. Their Finished product segment includes selling and distribution of their energy drinks products (Forbes, 2017). There beverage segment includes sports drinks, iced teas, energy drinks, cocktails etc. They are the second largest energy drink manufacturer who are responsible for selling around 10 billion energy drinks since its incorporation. When they first started they were into the business of selling fresh fruit juices and lime soda but after witnessing the popularity of its major competitor Red Bull, they entered into the energy drink market. Initially they failed to impress the audience and pulled back their energy drinks. They redesigned the ir energy drink composition structure and increased the content of caffeine and sugar along with the doubling the size of their drink as compared to Red Bull. In 2014, they signed a historic deal with Coca Cola, who agreed to purchase their 16.7% stake. This allowed Monster Beverages to access the distribution network in US and Canada to strengthen their market position (Bailey, 2015). Type of innovation Innovation is the Key for surviving in the market and ensure sustainability in the long run. Monster Beverages has been ranked number 7 in the Forbes list of 10 most Innovative Companies of 2016 (Forbes, 2016). They have done innovation in their product segment. In order to compete with Mountain Dew, they have introduced Mutant in order to remain competitive in the market. They have also launched Monster Hydro in three different flavours but with the same energy boosting capacity of Monster Beverages (Coca Cola, 2017). They are also planning to diversify their attention from non-carbonated drinks by launching Caf Monster but due to production issues, the launch has been delayed. To deal with the production shortage in Europe they have introduced new flavours and they have also started production in United States. They are also planning to launch white lightening which is a zero-calorie carbonated soft drink. Not only has this they are adding new flavour such as Mango Loca to their Monster energy juice segment which will be launched later this year. The CEO Mr Rodney C. Sacks reportedly said that Monster Beverages is also planning to launch X-Presso Monster Energy drink in two different flavours packed in 8-oz slim cans before year end (Watrous, 2017). The beverage industry indicated a slow growth in the first quarter of the year but expanding into the International market and launching their new products has helped them to achieve growth in the industry. Product Life Cycle of Monster Beverages The energy drinks market is dominated by two major players Red Bull being the leader and the number second spot has been captured by Monster Beverages (Mitchell, 2015). According to a research, the year 2015 the popularity of energy drinks increased about 10 percent and the total consumption was about 8.8 billion litres. The reason for their popularity is the demand of consumers for instant energy boosters (Mintel, 2016). This clear indicates that Energy drink market across the globe is witnessing growth stage in the product life cycle. Monster Beverages has signed a deal with Coca Cola to access their distribution line which will help them to boost their sales in the international segment. The global market share of Monster Beverages in the year 2015 was 21.10 percent due to their positioning as lifestyle beverages which appeal Millennials who search out for energy drinks to boost their energy (Starling, 2016). They have high content of caffeine in their drinks which provides mental and physical stability. The energy drinks have also claimed that they reduces stress and remove mental fatigue. Some Analysts estimated the sales figure of Monster Beverages in the last quarter of 2016 as $722.5 million but the actual net sales figure was $753.8 million. Monster Beverages yearly growth shown an increasing trend of 16.8% in United States. They performed exceptionally well in their international market which includes countries like Europe, Middle east and Africa as the sales figure rose by 33 percent. Which means they outperformed the expectations of market analysts and continue to grow strong (Bailey, 2017). (Source: Market Realist, 2017) Attributes of Adoption Monster beverages with bold tag line message Unleash the beast targets the young audience. Their advertising and marketing campaigns are more related to adventure and sports. Initially when they entered into energy drink segment their major focus was on athletes who wanted a beverage so as to satisfy their thirst and energy needs. But over the time they have expanded their reach and shifted their focus on other consumer segments. They regularly sponsor sports events with an aim of attracting adventurous and sports enthusiast audience which can related with the Monster Energy drinks. They also claimed that the presence of high caffeine structure has fetched attention of many millennials who seek a way to release stress and their overall day fatigue with the help of Monster Energy drinks. Other favourable factors which has induced consumers to try energy drinks in International market is due to growing population and increase in disposable income of middle class consumers. The Monster energy drinks are still not popular in their female segment because they perceive that the brand Image and its slogan is masculine and sporty. But by adding low calories drinks in their product portfolio with colourful packing and new flavours they are definitely try to attract more female audience. The main purpose of these energy drink market is to provide energy. The most common segment that is most attracted towards purchasing these beverages are young and millennial generation who are suffering from hectic personal professional lives. They have to balance many things at a time and due to their busy lifestyle they are more vulnerable to physical and mental exhaustion and lack of energy. Monster beverages not only keeps their target market hydrated but also provide them with high energy. Both young and older millennials of the age group of 18-26 years and 27-37 years have shown a strong interest and taste in the Monster Beverages. Older Millennials consumer more drinks than young er millennials (Bailey, 2015). Other demographics of an energy drinks are that they are consumed more by US military members in order to fulfil their energy needs. The Monster beverages are also served in clubs and bars which attracts young audience who consumes the beverage as they can related with the brand image. Network effects Network effects refers to the utility derived from consuming a particular product by the user and its consumption creates value for the other users also. When the deal was signed between Monster Beverages and Coca Cola to access their international distribution segment outside the US it created positive synergy for Monster Beverages. With the help of Distribution network of Coca Cola they were able to boost their sales globally and their sales numbers rise tremendously. It also helped Coca Cola to strengthen their brand image in the energy drinks market. It created a positive networking effect on both Coca Cola and Minster beverage. Monster Drink have a positive impact on the health and productivity of consumers as it contains high caffeine content and other stimulating ingredients which keeps individual alert and boost their Central nervous system. It also helps to increase their performance and productivity at workplace. Which means it has a strong and positive impact on managers who are expecting their employees to be more productive at workplace. Monster Beverages are quite popular in US military as these energy drinks are a necessity because they have a tough routine from waking up early to running several miles and engage in tiring physical activities. Monster Beverages have replaced coffee among military people and an energetic army force provide value to country and the residents (Lutz, 2014). Switching cost The major players in the energy drink market are Red Bull and Monster Beverages. The Switching cost refers to the cost incurred by a consumer when they switch from one brand to another. The switching cost between both the products is very low. Though Monster beverages are quite a hype among the younger audience the major reason for their success can be credited to the price at which their beverages are offered. Another reason why they are more successful as Compared to Red Bull is because the caffeine content in Monster Beverage is 33.8 mg per 100 ml as compared to Red Bull which has caffeine content of 32 mg per 100 ml which is just slightly more (Duncan, 2013). The only thing that sets Monster Beverage apart from its competitor is price offering. The Beverage industry is very attractive as they are number of player beside Red Bull who are providing high concentrated caffeine product for e.g. Pure Cofain an energy drink launches in Europe has caffeine content of 175 mg in 250 ml pac k. The substitution effect is high in this market segment. First Mover Advantage Model The first mover advantage in the energy drink segment goes to Red Bull who started operating into the market much before even Monster Beverages. Their popularity was on rise as there were no energy drinks that were able to match the caffeine content and quality of Red Bull. In 1997, they first launched their Energy drinks which was quite different than their previous product line which included fruit juices and Sodas. But they knew the secret of the success and launched a better energy drink with high caffeine content. Over the years both Red Bull and Minster Beverages have made ensured their competitive space in the beverage industry. While Red Bull has kept their focus on just energy drinks but Monster Beverages understood the importance of innovation to survive the competition. They have introduced diversified range of products in many flavours which caters the need of every market segment. This has given them a first mover advantage as Red Bull is still focus on only one segment and Monster beverages has exploited the opportunity and slowly moving ahead in the market with their price and product offering. Existing Innovation Strategy The innovation strategy followed by Monster beverages is launching and diversifying new products in their product portfolio to have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Red Bull hasnt changed its design over the years but Monster Beverages understood the importance of packaging to target and engage younger audience. To create a distinct image than the Red Bull they have increased the caffeine content and sell their products in 500 ml cans also. By launching new flavours tailored according to the needs of local market segment. Their brand identity directly appeals to sports person or individual who are adventurous. Innovative Strategy Monster Beverages have already introduced many flavours and product line in their beverage segment. The other innovation that can be exploited by them is their competitor Red Bull has launched its Virtual Reality Platform which enables an individual to access hear wrenching sports such as cliff diving, skiing, helicopter aerobatics and many outdoor sports experiences by just sitting at home. These games can be accessed on desktops and smartphones but for the more realistic and thrilling experience by connecting through VR headsets such as Google Cardboard (Sulleyman, 2017). Red Bull has followed a smart and innovative approach of targeting youth. They have been associated with many sports events but the VR platform has helped them to achieve a brand image which is directly associated with the younger audience. Monster Beverage has also been associated with sports persons and adventure. By introducing their own virtual reality gaming platforms they can engage more young sports enthusiasts. They already have a strong base of young audience and by introducing thrilling outdoor games on a virtual reality platform like Red Bull can help them to expand their customer base and can increase brand loyalty among the audience. References Bailey, S, 2015, Mintel Forecasts Strong Growth in the US Energy Drink Market, Accessed from https://marketrealist.com/2015/06/mintel-forecasts-strong-growth-us-energy-drink-market/ on 13 June 2017. Bailey, S, 2017, Monster Beverages Sales: Key Drivers behind Strong 4Q16 Growth, Accessed from https://marketrealist.com/2017/03/monster-beverages-sales-key-drivers-behind-strong-growth/ on 13 June 2017. Bailey, S., 2015, An overview of Monster Beverage Corporation, Accessed from https://marketrealist.com/2015/01/overview-monster-beverage-corporation/ on 13 June 2017. Coca Cola, 2017, Monster Energy Announces All New MONSTER HYDRO, Accessed from https://www.cokecce.co.uk/news-and-events/news/monster-energy-announces-all-new-monster-hydro on 13 June 2017. Duncan, G, 2013, Monster v Red Bull: High octane energy drinks battle brews in UAE, Accessed from https://www.thenational.ae/business/industry-insights/retail/monster-v-red-bull-high-octane-energy-drinks-battle-brews-in-uae on 13 June 2017. Forbes, 2016, 10 Most Innovative companies of 2016, Accessed from https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fhgl45kied/monster-beverage/#22d5375530fe on 13 June 2017. Forbes, 2017, Monster Beverage on Forbes Lists, Accessed from https://www.forbes.com/companies/monster-beverage/ on 13 June 2017. Lutz, A, 2014, How Monster Energy Became The Military's Favorite Beverage, Accessed from https://www.businessinsider.in/How-Monster-Energy-Became-The-Militarys-Favorite-Beverage/articleshow/42200784.cms on 13 June 2017. Mintel, 2016, ENERGY DRINK LAUNCHES GROW 29% IN FIVE YEARS AS GLOBAL SALES REACH 8.8 BILLION LITRES, Accessed from https://www.mintel.com/press-centre/food-and-drink/energy-drink-launches-grow-29-in-five-years-as-global-sales-reach-8-8-billion-litresn on 13 June 2017. Mitchell, D, 2015, These Are the Top 5 Energy Drinks, Accessed from https://time.com/3854658/these-are-the-top-5-energy-drinks/ on 13 June 2017. Monster Beverage, 2017, Monster Beverage Corporation , Accessed from https://www.monsterbevcorp.com/ on 13 June 2017. Starling, S, 2016, The worlds unquenchable thirst for energy drinks, Accessed from https://www.beveragedaily.com/Markets/The-world-s-unquenchable-thirst-for-energy-drinks?utm_source=copyrightutm_medium=OnSiteutm_campaign=copyright on 13 June 2017. Sulleymann, A, 2017, Red Bulls new extreme sports VR platform is not for the faint hearted, Accessed from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/red-bull-new-vr-platform-extreme-sports-cliff-diving-virtual-reality-adrenaline-a7558096.html on 13 June 2017. Watrous, M, 2017, Monster Beverage c.e.o. touts 'robust innovation pipeline, Accessed from https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/news_home/Financial-Performance/2017/05/Monster_Beverage_ceo_touts_rob.aspx?ID=%7B75BA44A2-B44D-40E1-954D-4E95A84614D4%7D on 13 June 2017.

Judicial Response to Environmental Issues in India Essay Example

Judicial Response to Environmental Issues in India Paper Decline in environmental quality has been evidenced by increasing pollution, loss of vegetal over and bio-diversity, excessive concentration of harmful chemicals in the ambient atmosphere and food chains, growing risks of environmental accidents and threat to life support systems. This has drawn the attention of entire world community and therefore they resolved to protect and enhance the environment quality. How could the judiciary remain a silent spectator when the subject has acquired high importance and become a matter of caution and judicial notice. In a developing country like India, with uneducated masses, conditions of abject poverty, where the awareness of socio-economic and ecological problems in lacking, the judiciary has to play an active role to protect the peoples right against the anti-people order by infusing confidence in people as a whole for whom it exists, for as rightly put by Justice Load, Judiciary exists for the people and not vice-versa. Judiciary therefore cannot sit in silence and helplessly but must come forward actively to make good the deficiencies of law and provide relief wherever and whenever required. The Judiciary remained as a spectator to environmental exploitation until recently. But now judiciary assumed an effective role of public educator, policy maker, super- administrator, and more generally, animus environment. In India Environmental law is judicial response to the queries of its citizens against environmental exploitation and administrative sloth and also role played by the public interest litigation. Since 1 985 most of the environment cases in India have been brought before the court as writ petitions, normally by individuals acting on pro bono basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Judicial Response to Environmental Issues in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Judicial Response to Environmental Issues in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Judicial Response to Environmental Issues in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While numerous legislative steps have been taken to give effect to the significant right of man to live in a sound environment and the corresponding duty of the State and individuals to ensure environmental preservation and conservation, our present endeavor is to analyze the steps taken by judiciary to forward this goal. To achieve this end, the judiciary had evolved certain principles to provide effective remedy in case of violation of constitutional and legislative mandate. In the subsequent sub divisions, several concepts which the judiciary has evolved in order to give force to the right of man to a healthy environment would be briefly dealt with. Right to a Wholesome Environment Judicial recognition of environmental jurisprudence, in the backdrop of industrialization, reached its peak with the pronouncement of the Supreme Court that right to wholesome environment is a part of Article 21 of the Constitution. In Subtask Kumar v. State of Briar, the court observed that Article 32 of the Constitution has been designed to enforce the fundamental rights of the citizen. The said articles provides for extraordinary procedure to enforce the right of a person. The right to life under Article 21 includes the right to enjoyment of pollution free water and air for full enjoyment of life. Judicial concern regarding right to wholesome environment has been reflected in subsequent pronouncements. It has issued appropriate directions where the government machinery has failed to perform its statutory duty, and thereby undermined the right to life guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. In Indian Council for Environ-Legal Action and Other v. Union of India and Others, the chemical industries surrounding Biochip Village in Alasdair (Restaurants) contaminated the water, soil and air through the discharge of highly toxic effluents, particularly iron-based and gypsum based sludge. The court interfered to give proper remedy to the destitute villagers. It opined that the social interest litigation under Article 32 f the Constitution was a weapon in the hands of the people to enforce their right to wholesome environment, when it was blatantly disregarded by industries. In other words, the court reaffirmed that right to clean environment is an important facet of the right to life. In ROLE Genera Durance v. State of Attar Pradesh, the apex court declared that right to life includes the right of the people to live in the healthy environment with minimal disturbance of ecology and without avoidable hazard to them and to their cattle, home and agriculture land and undue affection of air, water and environment. Also, the Supreme Court, in Andorra Pradesh Pollution Control Board v. NV Naiad, has put forward the view that matters relating to environment are of equal significance with those of human rights. In its own words: Environmental concerns arising in this court under Article 32 or under Article 1 36 or under Article 226 in the High Courts are in our view, of equal importance as Human Rights Concerns. In fact, both are to be traced to Article 21 which deals with fundamental right to life and liberty. While environmental aspect concern life, human right aspect concern liberty. Principles of Common Law In 1 980, the Supreme Court held that clean civic life is the right of the inhabitants who reside within the municipal area. In Municipality Rattle v. Varnished, the petitioner, a municipal council, filed an appeal against the direction of the magistrate under section 1 33 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The judicial magistrate, on application by the people of the area passed certain directions against the civic corporate body to bring cleanliness within the municipal area, as it had been polluted by open drains, human excreta, in absence of proper sanitation, and discharges from alcohol factories. The High Court affirmed the directions issued. Thereafter, the civil corporation filed a Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court on the ground that the magistrate had no powers to pass order against the municipality. The Supreme Court took a very serious note of the miserable condition of the municipal area which posed health hazards for the people. Additionally the discharges from the alcohol plant overflowed the open drains making the condition more miserable. The Supreme Court issued certain directions, in addition to the magisterial directions, and fixed the time limit within which those were to be implemented. The significant contribution of this judgment, from the point of view of environmental criminal law was that, if any officer of the corporation failed to discharge his duties, then he could be punished under section 188 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Subsequently, in Ram Baja Shining v. Babul, the Allahabad High Court tried to read atmospheric pollution within the broad spectrum of private nuisance, and issued permanent injunction against the polluting brick-grinding factory. The court enumerated that the dust emitting from a grinding machine factory created public hazards and injured the health of individual members of the society. Any act would amount to private nuisance which caused injury, discomfort or annoyance to a person. PILL with Reference to Environment Protection Since the last decade, PILL has played a unique role by which people belonging to different walks of life and especially the down trodden are getting social justice from the Supreme Court as well as the High Courts. The PILL is now recognized as an effective instrument of social change. It is because of this new strategic of pro bono litigation that the poor and the down trodden have been able to seek justice from courts. As a result of this development, a spate f environmental cases has been brought before the courts through public interest litigation. They have been filed either by individuals, voluntary organization or by letter/petitions sent to judges. In the following passages an attempt is being made to examine some of the leading judicial pronouncements on the point. I. Delhi Gas Leak case M. C. Meat v. Union of India, popularity known as Delhi Gas Leak or Ileum Gas Leak Case, is the historic one in the field of environmental justice. The Supreme Court besides laying down substantial principles of law, embarked upon some important questions of law and policy which need to be answered. The Supreme Court laid down two important principles Of law; First, the power of the Supreme Court to grant remedial relief for a proved infringement of a fundamental right (in this case Article 21 ) includes the power to award compensation, albeit in exceptional cases. Thus, the court not only widened the scope of the Article 21 by including in it protection of environment but also included a liability in tort for those harmed others by pollution. Second, the judgment opened a new frontier in the Indian jurisprudence by introducing a new no fault liability standard (absolute ability) for industries engaged in hazardous activities which has brought about radical changes in the liability and compensation laws in India. The new standard makes hazardous industries absolutely liable for the harm resulting from its activities. It is a standard which on its terms, admits of no defenses. The case is significant from other points. The court further expanded the scope of epistolary jurisdiction when it reiterated that a public spirited individual or a social action group acting pro bono public would suffice to ignite the jurisdiction of this court and that hyper technical approach that fatted the ends of justice was inappropriate in PILL cases. Ii. The Gang Pollution Case The Gang pollution cases are the most important water pollution cases in India to date. The brief facts being, in 1985, M. C. Meat, an activist advocate and social worker, byway of a public interest litigation, filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution inter alai, for the issue of a writ/order/ direction in the nature of mandamus, directing Kanata Municipality to restrain itself from discharging waste water into the river Gang, and governmental authorities and the tanneries at Jam near Kanata to stop eluting the river with sewage and trade effluents till such time that they put up necessary treatment plants for treating these effluents. The court in Meat case I made order against the tanneries, while in Meat case II ruled against municipalities and other governmental authorities. In Meat case l, the court realizing the importance of water of the river Gang in particular, and concerned over the continuing pollution of it by the industries and municipal wastes, reminded the conviction of environmental protection as enshrined in the directive principle in Article 48-A of the Constitution which provides that Tate shall endeavourer to protect and improve environment and to safeguard the forests and the wildlife of the country. Article 51-A which imposes a fundamental duty on the citizens to protect and improve the natural environment. The court also invoked the Water Act as an indication of the importance of the prevention and control of water pollution. The court emphasized that notwithstanding the comprehensive provisions contained in the Water Act the state boards had not taken effective steps to prevent the discharge of effluents in the river Gang. The court ruled that the fact, as was asserted on behalf of the some of the tanneries, that the effluents were not directly discharged into the river but first discharged in to the municipal sewers, did not absolve them from being proceeded against under the provisions of the law in force, since ultimately the effluents reach the river Gang from Municipal Sewers. The court also invoked Environment (Protection) Act, 1 986 as further indication of the importance of prevention and control of water pollution and noted that not much has been done even under the Act by the Central Government to stop the grave public nuisance caused by the tanneries at Jam, Kanata. Meat Case II related to the action taken against Kanata Municipality and other Government entities for their failure to prevent waste water flowing to the river Gang as was asserted in the original petition by the petitioner. Accordingly the Supreme Court directed Kanata Magna Mapping to: a. Complete the works to improve sewerage system within the target dates mentioned in the counter affidavits and not to delay the completion of those works beyond those dates. B. Take action against the dairies for either removing the waste accumulated ear the dairies or to get them shifted to a place outside the city. C. Take immediate steps to increase the size of the sewers and wherever sewerage line is not yet constructed, to get it constructed. D. To construct sufficient number of latrines and urinals for the use of poor people in order to prevent defecation by them on open land. . The practice of throwing corpse and semi burnt corpses be brought to an end immediately. The Municipality and Police should take step to ensure that dead bodies or half burnt bodies are not thrown into the river Gang. The remarkable thing about this judgment is hat thought, it was a case against Kanata Magna Mapping but the court directed that this will apply mutatis mutandis to all other Minneapolis and Municipalities which have jurisdiction over the areas through which the river Gang flows and accordingly directed to send the copy of judgment to all municipalities. Ii. Durance Quarrying Case Rural Litigation and Entitlement Genera, Durance v. State of Attar Pradesh, or Durance Valley Litigation as it is commonly known, is one of the most complex environmental case handled by the Supreme Court. It is the first momentous decision of the apex court wherein it was required to balance environmental and ecological integrity against industrial demands on forest resources. The main question before the Supreme Court for consideration was whether the mine lessees could be allowed to mine quarrying operations. In its order of 12 March, 1 985, the Supreme Court, after considering the recommendations of the Braggart Committee, ordered immediate closure of most dangerous mines and those falling within Missouri city board limits. The court finds that due to working of lime stone quarries there is imbalance to ecology or hazard to healthy environment, then in that case the court will order their closure. The court thus impliedly recognized right to a wholesome environment as implicit in Article 21 of the Constitution. Iv. Calcutta Tag Hotel Case Accidents Pander v. State of West Bengal, is an important town planning case which in categorical terms reiterates the course duty to protect environment. In this case, the Government of West Bengal gave on lease to the Tag Group, four acres of land belonging to the Calcutta Zoological Garden for the construction of a five star hotel. This garden was located in Aliped, the heart of Calcutta. It was this giving away of the land that was challenged y a PILL petition, filed originally in the Calcutta High Court by two citizens of Calcutta-one the secretary of the Union of Workmen of the Zoological Garden and the other, a life member of the zoo. The Calcutta High Court upheld the lease in favor of the hoteliers. In appeal the Supreme Court held that ecological balance shall be maintained by the court in spite of the fact that such duty imposed on the government is merely a directive principle of state policy under Part IV of the constitution. The court further held: Whenever a problem of ecology is brought before the court, the court is bound to bear in mind Article 48-A of the Constitution and Article 51 A(g). When the court is called upon to give effect to the Directives Principles and fundamental duty, the court is not to shrug its shoulders and say that priorities are a matter of policy and so it is a matter for the policy-making authority. The least that the court may do is to examine whether appropriate considerations are borne in mind and irrelevancies are excluded. In appropriate cases the court may go further, but how much further must depend on the circumstances Of the case. In view of the above approach the court adopting a liberal approach in favor of the development held that the Government has acted perfectly binomially in granting the lease and its action was not against the interests of the zoo or migrant birds visiting the zoo. On the contrary as the proposed hotel is a garden hotel there is every chance of the ecology and environment being improved as a result of planting of numerous trees around the premises and removal of the burial ground and dumping ground for rubbish. Conclusion Thus, the Supreme Court of India had taken into account the right to a healthy environment along with the right to sustainable development and balanced them. This concept of right to a healthy environment and sustainable development are the fundamental human rights implicit in the right to life, which has been constructed as such in many countries. The entire judicial construction by the Supreme Court and the High Courts also reveal the humanitarian approach to these environmental laws with the help of public interest litigation. The Indian Supreme Court was the first to develop the concept of right to healthy environment as a part of life under Article 21 of our constitution. This principle is now been adopted and followed in various other countries now. Suggestions In this paper the researcher wants to recommends the following suggestions. 1) The problem can be very well addressed to masses with the help of clinical environmental education, as there will be specialized treatment to sensitizes people about environmental problems.

Analyzing and Interpreting Financial Statements

Analyzing and Interpreting Financial Statements Analyzing and Interpreting Financial Statements This research paper is aimed to analyze the importance of financial statements in business Their role can never be underestimated by investors, newly opening businesses, auditors, competitors, shareholders and business owners. The paper will be focused on the essential impact they make on a companys further strategy. It will cover the standard set of financial statements, in detail with their analysis and interpretation, also paying separate attention to notes and GAAP importance. The connections between financial statements will be explored and explained. Also, the paper will look into detail at ratios used in financial analysis. Thus, the main point of this research will be as follows: GAAP necessity and importance. Standard financial statements overview, their role in assessing the companys health. How three financial statements are connected. Notes to financial statements. Ratios and ratio analysis. One will thoroughly research the topic matter according to the outline above. GAAP Necessity and Importance GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), being a designating element to financial statements, are simply a set of accounting standards, principles, practices and procedures used when compiling financial statements. GAAP are a combination ofauthoritative standards (set by policy boards) and simply the commonly accepted ways of recording and reporting accounting information (Vishwanath Krishnamurti, 2009, p.112). GAAP were created and are now imposed on companies, so that investors, shareholders and creditors could have a uniform way to obtain an accurate and consistent picture of a companys financial state with a minimal risk of fraud and error. GAAP are not required by law. Nevertheless, most companies prefer using their regulations when compiling their financial statements. Standard Financial Statements Overview The most generalized definition of financial statements would call them a collection of reports, which reveal a companys financial state and results (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, 2010). In a deeper economic understanding, financial statements appear to be the tool that helps to quantitatively analyze a companys activity and assess its effective strength. If looking in more detail, financial statements give an opportunity to: Establish a companys ability to bring profit; List and analyze sources of a companys income; Check ways by which the money is spent; Prove whether a company is capable of paying back its liabilities Identify and forecast the trend a company is following (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, 2010). Mentioned above arguments supporting the undoubted role of financial statements prove that the financial statement is imperative for the management because it can provide a rough guide to the future performance of the firm (Vishwanath Krishnamurti, 2009, p.117) and reveal shortcomings in a companys financial strategy. Moreover, many companies find it vital to develop a financial model that allows management to control value creation (Vishwanath Krishnamurti, 2009, p.117) by constructing cash flows from the financial statements and having a permanent assessment of the firm value. The standard financial statements set contains balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows and supplementary notes or footnotes. All of them provide with fundamental and informative inputs for analyzing and diagnosing the corporations health (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, 2010, p.35). Each of them will be reviewed in more detail below. The balance sheet (also known as a statement of financial position) measures the book-value wealth of a firm (Velez-Pareja Tham, 2008, p.4). The balance sheet gives a snapshot of the companys financial state at a taken period of time. It shows companys assets, liabilities and presents information about the shareholders equity. Balance sheets tell people what a company owns (companys assets) and what it owes (its liabilities) at a fixed point of time. Every balance sheet is divided into three main parts - assets, liabilities and shareholder equity. The complied result of a balance sheet could be demonstrated by this formula: Total assets = Total liabilities + Equity (Velez-Pareja Tham, 2008, p.4). A companys balance sheet is commonly set up like the basic accounting equation shown above. Companies list their assets on the left side of the balance sheet. They list their liabilities and shareholders equity on the right side. In some periods, balance sheet shows assets at the top, with the shareholders equity at the bottom, followed by liabilities. The aim of a balance sheet is to evaluate a companys liquidity and ability to pay debts. (Ross, Westerfield Jaffe, 2010) Income statements demonstrate companys expenditures and revenues over a period of time. As the Income Statement is a dynamical financial statement, it measures the economic activity of the firm during a given period (Velez-Pareja Tham, 2008). Therefore, the primary purpose of the income statement is to report company's earnings to investors over a specific period of time showing revenues and expenses, and the resulting profit or loss. The cash flow statement demonstrates companys liquidity. In other words, it illustrates the amount of cash available or in hand at each instant of time (Velez-Pareja Tham, 2008, p.5). It summarizes companys cash inflows and outflows with regards to financing, operating and investing activities. While an income statement indicates whether a company managed to get any profit, a cash flow statement reveals whether the company generated cash. Moreover, this report shows the change trend over a period of time, but not actual money amounts at a certain period. Connectedness of the Financial Statements The balance sheet, the income statement and the cash flow statement are not stand-alone reports. They all come in line together, each disclosing a particular side of businesss financial state and its association. For example, the line Sales Revenue (Income statement) influences Cash and Accounts receivable (Balance sheet); Cost of Goods Sold (Income statement) is directly linked to Accounts payable and Inventory (Balance Sheet); Fixed Assets (Balance sheet) affects Depreciation Expense (Income statement), while Depreciation in its turn has an impact on Accumulated depreciation (Balance sheet). The cash flow statement combines the data from both balance sheet and income statement it begins with Net income (Income statement) and its Ending cash will be Cash and Cash Equivalents in the balance sheet. Notes to Financial Statements Supplementary notes may contain interpretation of various business activities and extra information on certain accounts. They report additional details, which cannot be derived from main financial statements. Among others, notes may include such highlights: significant accounting policies and practices (as companies may be choosing among two or three GAAP for many expenses, there should be a footnote per each significant accounting choice), income tax (detailed overview of companys deferred and current income tax), stock options, interest rates, maturity rates, etc. Notwithstanding notes are an obligatory element of any financial statement, there are no standards for clarity or conciseness. Notes to financial statements are a GAAP-mandated inherent part of financial statements. Ratios and Ratio Analysis Financial analysis widely uses accounting ratios when evaluating companys activities on the market. Ratios demonstrate relations between figures appearing on a balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement and are commonly expressed as percentage, proportion, co-efficient or a rate. Here are just a few examples of ratios split by groups depending on what they are aimed to analyze: Liquidity ratios measure a companys ability to meet its short-term liabilities (Velez-Pareja, 2012). Current Ratio demonstrates a companys ability to pay its liabilities using companys assets. Quick Ratio forecasts whether a company would be capable of immediate settlement of debts and liabilities. Turnover ratios measure effectiveness and efficiency of using resources For example, Inventory Turnover Ratio assesses inventory policy that the company has implemented in its operation (Velez-Pareja, 2012). Cash Conversion Cycle estimates the time when the company needs to finance raw materials purchase (Velez-Pareja, 2012). Financial leverage and debts ratios are used to evaluate financial risks of a company (Drake, 2007). Coverage of Fixed Costs is one of the main indicators of companys survivability, as it shows whether the company is able to cover and pay fixed costs (Velez-Pareja, I., 2012), Debt to Equity Ratio and Debt to Assets both describe the extent to which a company is reliable on external sources or debts for financing, EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) is used to detect whether a company is capable of paying its liabilities. Moreover, it evaluates the business in general (Drake, 2007); Return on investment and margin ratios measure the ability to generate profit, e.g. Gross profit margin indicates how much of every dollar of sales is left after costs of goods is sold (Drake, 2007, p.7), Return on investments (ROI) compares earnings with the cause (investment) of those earnings (Velez-Pareja, 2012). Value Ratios are used by investors as the main indicator of a worthwhile investment, as they show the integrated value in stocks - Price to Earnings (P/E), Dividend, etc. (Drake, 2007). Ratio analysis allows evaluating the companys performance at a certain period of time and in the trend. Ratios create benchmarks for high and stable efficiency (Russel, 2004). They help to indicate weak sides that need improvement and strong competitive advantages. Although, they may not be a single reliable forecasting tool. They provide an accurate and quick cross-section for a particular sphere of interest. The main aim of ratio analysis is to obtain a quick and highly-informative estimation of companys performance. Neither ratios nor financial statements may give one a complete picture of how the business is doing. Only combining the data from all of them, attentive research and comparison will provide one with a significant scope of information, which might become ones real asset in the wise investment process. Thus, potential investors, creditors and other users are provided with an opportunity to make a thoughtful decision.

The 1993 Storm of the Century

The 1993 Storm of the Century The blizzard of March 12 to 14, 1993 remains one of the worst U.S. snowstorms since the Great Blizzard of 1888, and its no surprise, considering that the storm stretched from Cuba to Nova Scotia, Canada, affected 100 million people across 26 states, and caused $6.65 billion in damage. By the storms end, 310 fatalities had been reported, more than three times the number of lives lost during Hurricanes Andrew and Hugo combined. Storm Origin and Track On the morning of March 11, a strong ridge of high pressure sat just offshore the U.S. west coast. Its position oriented the jet stream so that it plunged south out of the Arctic, allowing unseasonably cold air to flow into the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains. Meanwhile, a low-pressure system was developing near Brownsville, TX. Fed by a number of upper air disturbances, energy from jet stream winds, and moisture from the north-central Gulf of Mexico, the low began to rapidly strengthen. The storms center traveled near Tallahassee, FL, in the pre-dawn hours of March 13. It continued north-northeastward, centering over southern Georgia near mid-day and over New England that evening. Near midnight, the storm deepened to a central pressure of 960 mb while over the Chesapeake Bay area. Thats the equivalent pressure of a Category 3 hurricane! Storm Impacts As a result of heavy snow and high winds, most cities across the Eastern Seaboard shut down or were completely inaccessible for days. Because of such societal impacts, this storm has been assigned the highest rank of extreme on the Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS). Along the Gulf of Mexico: The Florida panhandle received up to 4 inches (10.2 cm) of snowA squall line out ahead of the cold front caused a powerful derecho (straight-line windstorm) with gusts in excess of 100 mph (160 km/h) felt down to Havana, CubaA Supercell spawned 11 tornadoes across the Sunshine State, ranging from F0 to F2 in intensityA 12-foot (3.7 m) storm surge caused flooding along the coasts of western Florida and northern Cuba In the South: Accumulations ranged from 3-5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m)Snow drifts of up to 15 feet (4.6 m) were reported at Mount Mitchell, NCRare convective elements such as lightning, thundersnow, and snowfall rates of 2 to 4 inches (5.1 to 10.2 cm) per hour were experiencedHundreds of thousands of residents were left without electricity for up to a week In the Northeast Canada: Accumulations ranged from 15 to 45 inches (38.1 cm to 1.1m)Syracuse, NY, broke five of its snowfall records, including 24-hr snowfall, maximum daily snowfalls for March 13 and 14, snowiest March, and snowiest seasonWith the storms passage, New Brunswick, Canada, reported a 45 F (7 C) temperature drop within 18 hours Forecasting Success National Weather Service (NWS) meteorologists first noticed signs that a fierce winter storm was brewing during the preceding week. Due to recent advances in computer forecast models (including the use of ensemble forecasts), they were able to accurately forecast and issue storm warnings two days in advance of the storms arrival. This was the first time the NWS forecasted a storm of this magnitude and did so with several days lead time. But despite warnings that a big one was on the way, public response was one of disbelief. The weather preceding the blizzard was unseasonably mild and didnt support the news that a winter storm of historic proportions was imminent. Record Numbers The Blizzard of 1993 broke dozens of records of its time, including over 60 record lows. The top fives for U.S. snowfall, temperature, and wind gusts are listed here: Snow Totals: 56 inches (142.2 cm) on Mount LeConte, TN50 inches (127 cm) on Mount Mitchell, NC44 inches (111.8 cm) at Snowshoe, WV43 inches (109.2 cm) at Syracuse, NY36 inches (91.4 cm) at Latrobe, PA Minimum Temperatures: -12 F (-24.4 Â °C) in Burlington, VT and Caribou, ME-11 F (-23.9 Â °C) in Syracuse, NY-10 F (-23.3 Â °C) on Mount LeConte, TN-5 F (-20.6 Â °C) in Elkins, WV-4 F (-20 Â °C) in Waynesville, NC and Rochester, NY Wind Gusts: 144 mph (231.7 km/h) on Mount Washington, NH109 mph (175.4 km/h) at Dry Tortugas, FL (Key West)101 mph (162.5 km/h) on Flattop Mountain, NC98 mph (157.7 km/h) at South Timbalier, LA92 mph (148.1 km/h) on South Marsh Island, LA

Granpa's Gift To Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Granpa's Gift To Me - Essay Example My grandpa presented me a beautiful wristwatch on my 10th birthday. When he presented me the watch, he also reminded me that I should not forget to use it properly. Grandpa showed me the stopwatch function of that golden electric watch and insisted me to arrange my actions after setting timer. Analyzing all the incidents occurred in my life after receiving the gift; I can certainly say that the gift helped me to increase my concentration, discipline and above all my confidence level. Therefore, I can say that a good gift can definitely change one’s life. I never thought or heard in my life that a gift helps one to increase one’s concentration. Grandpa clearly showed me how such a gift will increase one’s concentration. Grandpa told me that time is so precious that we should not waste even a minute in our life. He showed me the way of saving time with a small and interesting example. When we started having soup after setting the stopwatch, I could finish the soup ten seconds before him. Grandpa encouraged me by telling that I saved ten seconds which will be really useful for me at a later time. After this incident I began to observe things very minutely and gradually felt the level of my concentration increasing. Another good quality that the gift brought to my life is discipline. Though I was not too lazy, I would very often violate some of the rules and regulations of my school. Majority of these violations were not deliberate and the prominent among them was going late to school. I would often reach school late and miss the first hour of the study, just for being late to some minutes. When started scheduling my time, that is, began to save time, to my wonder I could reach school too early and it opened me the new realm of knowledge. I realized that I was wasting my valuable time on trifles and that is why I cannot complete assignments and homework’s in time. Realizing this fact I rearranged my

Aqualisa Quartz Low Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Aqualisa Quartz Low Sales - Essay Example The shower industry in the UK has three channels of distribution. Trade shops, showrooms, and DIY sheds are the channels of distribution for the Aqualisa products.   Trade shops carry plumbing supplies for plumbers.   Trade shops normally only carries what will sell, or in essence what is in demand. Showrooms are supplied by distributors. This channel is for high end customers. When an individual buyer comes to a showroom, they tend to not be concerned with price. DIY sheds are supplies for do-it-yourselfers. B&Q is like Home Depot. This market is for bargain hunters and home improvers. These three channels of distribution are where Aqualisa Quartz will be marketed. The best channel of distribution for the Aqualisa Quartz is the showroom. The reason for the good showroom sales for the Aqualisa Quartz is the digital features on the showerhead. Individuals walk into the showroom and see the red light that stops blinking when the shower is the right temperature. This novelty alone sells most of the units in the showroom. Aqualisa Quartz is easier to install and more efficient than other showers, but plumbers are skeptical of using new products. This lowers the sales in the trade showrooms. Aqualisa Quartz has been marketed properly for the DIY sheds, due to the fear that it would lessen the product value. All of these factors have led to lower sales than expected for the new innovative Aqualisa Quartz. In order to raise sales, the key factors must be looked at. Since the Aqualisa Quartz is an innovative new product, Aqualisa priced the product higher as a premium item. The Quartz Standard is 850 pounds and the Quartz Pumped is 1,080 pounds.1 This makes it the highest product sold by Aqualisa. It also makes it the highest money maker for the company, but only when sold. If Aqualisa Quartz was marked down, consumers might feel they are getting a bargain and quality.

Inventory Management System Essay Example for Free

Inventory Management System Essay Government Institutions decided to listen to the people living in North Triangle specifically in Sitio San Roque. Government agency officials handling this matter instructed the leaders of the 14 Organizations to build or create a whereas this can be their source of income in the event that they are going to grantrelocation or In City relocation. The main objective of San Roque Community Council Multi-purpose Cooperative is to provide extra income or even have job opportunity for the members. This is also to promote personal awareness, social development and empowerment of self-reliance that they would be able to provide stability for each family. When San Roque Community Council-North Triangle Alliance started the Multi-purpose Cooperative they had many struggles on how they are going to manage it efficiently and effectively. The main problem here is they are using manual encoding to record their members transactions, monthly report 3 and loans transactions. The reason behind this is many of them don’t have enough knowledge to navigate or use computer as their main tool. As mentioned earlier, they are using manual encoding as the main procedure to record all important details in their everyday activities or transactions. There are advantages and disadvantages on this type of routine, but in regards to positive side, only few can still be used like you will have a hard copy of all data of your members but in 21st century, this is no longer advised. As we all know computer is already a necessity and definitely it will make our work faster and easier. Multi-purpose cooperative composed of two types of business: Credit Cooperative and Consumers Cooperative. Transaction 1. Loans and payments 2. Cash flows (accruals and expenses) 3. Daily/weekly/monthly/ annual reports (incurred interest, profit and loss)updates 4. Membership process Only members of San Roque Community Council-North Triangle Alliance are qualified to become part of San Roque Community Council Multipurpose Cooperative. They should fill out the registration form and submit the necessary 4 equirements for identification. Let the authorize person validate it then after verification, pay the registration fee of 100 pesos. The member should contribute suggested or approved amount as their share or investment for the paid up capital. If the member successfully meet all the requirements needed and finished the registration process that’s the time the member is qualified for cash loan application and other privileges. Loan Process The member can apply for a cash loan b ased on the amount that he or she contributed. It has three (3) types of interests that will be incurred on the particular amount that was approved to release. Member can pay the borrowed money for a month that has 3% interest, for the 2 months installment basis, it has 4% interest, and lastly for 3 month pay it has 6% interest. It depends on the member which type of installment plan they would want to choose. This whole procedure is quite simple but if you look on the specific details it is very sensitive because it talks about money and activities are consist of small detail. 5 Theoretical Framework This project is based in the Framework of (IPO) Input, Process, and Output, this framework is proven many times, the (IPO) Input, Process, and Output is used in the process of inputting a data or information going to the process of manipulating the data and after all the processes it produce an output, relying to the inputs, for example: the input of the steel, aluminum, tires and other things related to the parts of a bicycle it will go to the process of assembling all the parts of the bicycle and soon the output is a new bicycle. The (IPO) Input, Process, and Output are helpful to our study, because the flow of our system rely to the inputs of data’s or information from the members and their needs to the Cooperative. 6 Conceptual Framework Figure 2. Shows the conceptual framework of the proposed system Conceptual Paradigm On the basis of the fore going theories culled from the review of related literature and studies, the researches paradigm that serves as guide to the study is the system’s approach or Input- Process-Output model device by Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert, Jr. 1995). According to this model, a system has flows information, materials, and energy that enter the system from the environment as inputs, undergo transformation processes within the system. And exit the system as outputs. A feedback is installed and is considered as the key to system controls. As information of the system proceeds, information is feedback to the appropriate people and perhaps to a computer, so that the work c an be assessed and if, necessary, corrected. As shown in the paradigm, the input variable includes the registration and consumers of the San Roque Community Council with the respect to the total number of their respective consumers. In the input variable registration, there includes the information of consumers and loan, the reason why loan is at the registration variable, is because of detecting the data about the consumers and total loans that they apply. Another input variable is the consumers, in consumers data there is from the grocery wherein all the data from the grocery are being monitored in the information if who are the members that are active in the grocery in consumers, it includes product and services that are done by the consumers in the grocery. Statement of Objectives The following are the objectives that serve as a guide in the completion of this thesis. Main Objective The Main Objective of this study is to develop a successful LAN based system that can be used by the San Roque Community Council Multi-Purpose Cooperative for their successful Monitoring system: Consumers cooperative Point of Sales (POS) System and Money Lending System. Specific Objectives 8 1. To develop sales monitoring system and money lending system that will utilize all the transactions of the San Roque Community Council Multi-Purpose Cooperative. 2. To design a system that will make the San Roque Community Council Multi-Purpose Cooperative more sufficient in their daily transactions such as: Registration, monitoring and inventory of sales, and cash loan and payment. 3. To evaluate a system that will increase its performance in terms of: a) Speed– all transaction is ease to access and less time consuming. b) Reliability – it is reliable because of its function like updates. c) Accuracy –Calculate the loans for the member, including the interest and penalties if necessary. To input correctly all the data of the member, for their loans, payments and credits. ) Security – A secured files of information of the members and their loans and also backup for necessary. e) Functionality – reliable software for the reports. f) Performance – the transactions such as registration, checking and validating of transactions, updates of weekly, monthly, and annual reports will increase its working performa nce. Scope and Delimitations of the Study Scope 9 1. The system covers daily transactions regarding the membership registration and monitors active and non-active members. 2. It is also intended for the manipulation and security of the loan transactions of the members. Delimitations . This system will not include the impact of organizational commitment on member’s performance. 2. This study is limited only to the output that the respondent from San Roque Community Council Multi-Purpose Cooperative that provide such as data and information that will come from the interview questionnaires distributed, as well as the information from the literatures that will be cited and reviews. Significance of the Study The development of San Roque Community Council Multi-Purpose Cooperative Sales Monitoring and Money Lending System can be linked with many significant results for those who are involved. A. San Roque Community Council Multi-Purpose Cooperative It could provide the Multi-Purpose Cooperative with an easy to maintain and access system. 10 B. Staff This will basically give convenience. It will provide outmost importance to the staffs since it will definitely lessen their workloads by providing them with easier encoding and maintenance procedures. C. Members It will provide secured information of each of the member’s transaction. D. System Developers The study can particularly help the proponents with a way to apply what they have learned in class and be able to extend their knowledge to the real world outside. With this, they can acquire additional insights that would enhance their skills and capabilities, which could be their stepping- stone to attain success in the future. E. Proponents – The study will help the proponents to improve their skills that will help them in the near future. Definition of Terms Cooperative- is an autonomous association of persons who voluntarily cooperate for their mutual social, economic, and cultural benefit. It is owned and managed by the people who use its services. Co-Maker Person  who, with other individual(s),  guarantees  a  financial commitment  (such as repayment of a  loan). He or she is  jointly and 11 severally liable, with other signatories (co-maker), for honoring the commitment in full. It is also called as co-guarantor. Local Area Network (LAN) – is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Money Lending the act or occupation of lending  money  at interest Monitoring generally means to be aware of the state of a system. Point of Sale – is the physical location at which goods are sold to customers. It is more specific than the general building or store where something is sold, typically indicating the piece of technology which is used to finalize the transaction. Relocation is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another by state policy or international authority, most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion. Savings – the portion of disposable income not spent on consumption of consumer goods but accumulated or invested directly in capital. 12 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Introduction This chapter presents the different review of related literature and studies that the proponents used as a tool for them to fully understand the study. Foreign and Local Literature Foreign Literature Local Area Network Connection Local Area Network (LAN) consists of two or more personal computers or workstations, usually in a common office area, physically linked together by a common file server, (W. J. Kerr, 2009). Advantages and Disadvantages of Loan System Advantages Below are the advantages of getting a loan. These are also the reasons why many apply for it: 1. There is a loan for just about anything. If you are in need of money to purchase a house, you can apply for a housing loan. If you need a car, you can apply for a car loan. With all the loans available, you will be able to purchase everything you 13 eed. 2. It helps a person afford an expensive purchase. All of us wish to acquire a property. However, we do not have the amount of money to make the purchase. Loans allow us to do this. They lend us the money so that we can finally afford our desired property. 3. Payment is staggered, which makes it affordable. This enables the person to pay off the loan gradually. If a person has chosen a good deal, h e should be able to finish paying off the loan in the time specified. 4. One gets the funding he needs. If a person wants to start a business, he can do so by applying for a business loan. He does not have to wait for his savings to build up before he can start his own business. They can also use the amount they loan for investment purposes. Getting a loan is very helpful to start building your dream. However, you have to be very careful with your decisions. This is because of the problems you will possibly encounter if you mismanage your loans and other debts. If you have multiple loans, make sure to manage it well. Make sure that you manage your loans from the start. Keep in mind that loans have disadvantages too. Disadvantages Here are some of the disadvantages of having loans: 1. It is a long-term debt. This means that you have to deal with it for a 14 specified period, which means that you have to commit yourself to making monthly payments specified in your agreement for the period indicated to repay the loans. 2. If you miss payments, you will face serious consequences. You can face foreclosure or repossession of the property. â€Å"Manifesto for agile software development† Scott M. Lewandowski (March 2009) Monitoring Monitoring plays a vital role in determining sustainable information gathered, the developments, and strategy for the efficient overall management of the resource. Particularly, monitoring refers to examining business process and supervising transaction events inside a company. The main goal of doing this monitoring is to be able to prevent the system from being unavailable to the users and to quickly resolve problems as they arise. (Winberg, 2007). Local literature Computerized System to Business Technology plays a vital role in the business world. It provides the tools and functions on which almost all companies throughout the world run. With the advent of new technologies, the common use of computers and the boom of 15 he internet, practically all business activities use some form of technology. It can be said that without technology, many businesses would no longer be able to function. (Robinson, 2011) Visual Basic. NET â€Å"Visual Basic is not only a programming language, but it also has a complete graphical development environment. It has the ability to develop programs that can be used as a front end application to a database system, a nd serving as the user and displays formatted output in an attractive format†. (Wircken, 2008) All of . NET is truly revolutionary and gives programmers a much more capable, efficient and flexible way to write computer software. Visual Basic. NET is a key part of this revolution. (Mabbut, 2010) Microsoft SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2005 has ability to partition tables and indexes have always been a design to improve performance and manageability in larger database. Microsoft SQL Server 2005 has adopted the database programming model hosting by the Microsoft. NET Framework 2. 0 Common Language Runtime (CLR). Net. CLR hosted inside SQL Server to improve performance, security, and reliability. (Sturo, 2007) Foreign and Local Studies 16 Foreign Studies Computers contribute to the productivity and efficiency to its user because it can run program that can surpass a manual system of operation. They also stated that computer are now playing big role not only in the office of big business enterprises but firms of smaller scale have already adopted to the modern changers there machine bring about. (Alberto et. Al, 2008) Computerization of business transaction is prevalent around the world. It has proven that is better to use than the manual system in improving routines and better turnaround of the method of processing transactions. The larger a business company becomes, the more it deals with many responsibilities and work that their employees could not entertain or serve properly the client. Using the manual system because time consuming, less efficiency to both management staff and client. (Cardinezet. Al, 2007) Barcode Scanner A barcode scanner is simply a graphical representation of data (numbers and or letters) the width of the black lines and white spacing is intentionally produced to represent the underlying data, (Wickes, 2009). Local Studies Monitoring System 17 Monitoring is important to production, by increasing individual performance and providing security for the company’s personal record. Monitoring is one of the major components of the company that it serves as a tool for controllership. It is therefore essential that we must know the meaning of monitoring, (R. Dela Cruz and A. M. Sia, 2010). â€Å"Computerized monitoring system is feasible in preparing fast speed and accurate in generating reports. It is economically feasible; that in a certain time, development cost will be outdone bythe profit that will derive from its application†, (A. Yu and Hojilla 2010). Computer Networks A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communication channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with otherusers. A computer networks allows sharing or resources and information among devices connected to the network. Computer networks can be used for several purposes: facilitating communications, sharing hardware, sharing files, data and sharing software (J. Wales, 2010). Network Based Application Application in which either the program you are using or the data you are working with or both reside on a network. Network applications use a client-server architecture, where the client and server are programmed to provide some 18 service to the client. The client is typically a desktop, laptop or portable device like on Apple iPhone. The server can be any of these, but is typically a computer in a data center (L. Press, 2009). Synthesis As the researchers studied the past researches and studies, they found some information that will help in developing their study. According to